Give Side Characters Their Own Goals
It's easy to focus most of your attention on the protagonist. After all, they're the center of the story. But if your supporting characters exist only to give advice, deliver information, or cheer the hero on, your world can start to feel flat. Real people don't pause their lives whenever the main character enters the room. They have dreams, fears, frustrations, and problems of their own.
Strong side characters make stories feel alive.
Think about the people in your own life. Your friends, family members, coworkers, and neighbors all have goals that have nothing to do with you. They have their own worries, relationships, and ambitions. Fictional characters should feel the same way. Even if readers never see every detail of a side character's life, they should sense that life exists.
Supporting characters don't need entire novels dedicated to them, but they should want something. Maybe the protagonist's best friend…
